Generalities

Australia officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor, Papua and New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Is a country in the Southern Hemisphere between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian ocean. Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and other islands on the Australian tectonic plate are together called Australasia. Australia is also the smallest continent in the world.  The Australian emblem is a flower called the Golden Wattle.

Australian English is a major variety of the English language and is used throughout Australia. Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is Australia's  official language and is the first language of the majority of the population.

22 million people live in Australia , and about 80% of them live on the east coast. About 60% live in and around the mainland state capitals of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane,Perth and Adelaide. Australia's capital city is Canberra. A highly developed country and one of the wealthiest, Australia is the world's 12th-largest economy and has the world's fifth-highest per capita income. Australia's military expenditure is the world's 13th-largest. With the second-highest human development index globally, Australia ranks highly in many international comparisons of national performance, such as quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, and the protection of civil liberties and political rights.